Nasopharynx:
T1 - confined to nasopharynx
T2a - extends to oropharynx, nasal cavity
T2b - with parapharyngeal extension
T3 - Bony involvement, paranasal sinus
T4 - Intracranial extension, cranial nerves, infratemporal fossa, hypopharynx, orbit, masticator space
Oropharynx:
T1 - < 2cm
T2 - 2-4 cm
T3 - > 4 cm
T4a - invasion of larynx, extrinsic tongue muscles, medial pterygoid plate, hard palate, mandible
T4b - invasion of lateral pterygoid muscle, pterygoid plates, lateral nasopharynx, skull base, carotid encasement
Hypopharynx:
T1 - Limited to one subsite and < 2 cm
T2 - More than one subsite of hypopharynx, or an adjacent site or 2-4 cm
T3 - > 4cm, but not fixed to hemilarynx
T4a - Invasion of thyroid or cricoid cartilage, hyoid bone, thryoid gland, central soft tissue compartment
T4b - Invasion of prevertebral fascia, encasement of carotid artery, mediastinal involvement
References:
AJCC Cancer staging handbook. 6th Edition. Springer
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Head and Neck Imaging Notes
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Although I have taken care to make my blog posts as accurately as possible, the blog itself is not replacement for text-books and journals. The blogger does not accept any harm or injury related to the use of the material from this blog. All the images are from my collection and are not copyrighted; hence feel free to use them and I do not want any credit also. The notes are from the quoted journals and text-books, relevant to my practice. If anybody feels I am violating copyright, please let me know. I will delete the relevant data from my blog. I am greatly indebted to the reference book Som PM et al, Head and Neck Imaging. 4th edition. Mosby publications. Unless given the reference, the reference is most likely to this book.
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